燃氣下鄉村村通設計、施工、管道檢驗三方面研討（二）
- 石中秋
- 2020-03-06
燃氣下鄉村村通設計、施工、管道檢驗三方面研討（二）
2 施工方面(mian) 村(cun)村(cun)通(tong)燃(ran)(ran)氣下(xia)鄉(xiang)項(xiang)目在施工中(zhong)碰到(dao)最大(da)的(de)問題是對(dui)可(ke)安裝燃(ran)(ran)氣房(fang)(fang)間的(de)篩選，村(cun)中(zhong)住房(fang)(fang)建設往往比(bi)較隨(sui)意，甚至(zhi)安裝規(gui)(gui)劃中(zhong)還包含數(shu)量不(bu)在少數(shu)的(de)土坯房(fang)(fang)。在施工開始前應聯合村(cun)委對(dui)安裝燃(ran)(ran)氣房(fang)(fang)間進行統一要(yao)求，給居民(min)留(liu)出進行房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)改造的(de)時間。原則：參考《民(min)用建筑供暖通(tong)風(feng)與空氣調(diao)節設計規(gui)(gui)范》及《建筑設計防(fang)火(huo)規(gui)(gui)范》。安裝燃(ran)(ran)氣的(de)房(fang)(fang)間結構(gou)應達到(dao)二(er)級防(fang)火(huo)要(yao)求，即主體結構(gou)耐火(huo)下(xia)限(xian) 2 小時以(yi)上。
①墻(qiang)(qiang)體結(jie)(jie)構可行(xing)結(jie)(jie)構：實體墻(qiang)(qiang)，發泡磚墻(qiang)(qiang)；鋼(gang)(gang)骨架石(shi)膏板墻(qiang)(qiang)，夾心（巖棉，石(shi)膏）彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)板墻(qiang)(qiang)等(deng)；不可行(xing)結(jie)(jie)構：木質，三合板，空心彩(cai)鋼(gang)(gang)板。屋(wu)頂(ding)（吊(diao)頂(ding)）不可行(xing)結(jie)(jie)構：PVC（預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)）、聚氯乙烯（預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)）、木質等(deng)；需現(xian)場判(pan)斷的結(jie)(jie)構：輕鋼(gang)(gang)+鋁扣板、金屬(shu)吊(diao)頂(ding)、自搭塑料材(cai)質。可行(xing)結(jie)(jie)構：水(shui)泥預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)板等(deng)。
②房間通(tong)風(feng)開口面(mian)積參考(kao)《民用(yong)建筑供暖通(tong)風(feng)與空氣(qi)調節設(she)計規范》為地面(mian)面(mian)積的 1/10，具體符合裕(yu)度(du)由(you)設(she)計及(ji)建設(she)方現(xian)場綜合判斷。
③應為單獨(du)房(fang)間或由(you)實體墻與其(qi)他(ta)房(fang)間隔開。
④房間內無裸漏電線，刀閘應更換為空氣開關。
⑤土坯房(fang)(fang)因其結構(gou)不穩(wen)定(ding)性，原則上不得安(an)裝燃(ran)氣。通氣房(fang)(fang)間(jian)(jian)應盡量選擇靠道路的房(fang)(fang)間(jian)(jian)，灶(zao)具及燃(ran)氣壁掛爐設置在一個房(fang)(fang)間(jian)(jian)內，房(fang)(fang)內土灶(zao)、簡易浴池、廁所應拆(chai)除或停止使用，房(fang)(fang)間(jian)(jian)不得住人。管道敷設以沿墻架空(kong)(kong)敷設為主，若墻體結構(gou)不穩(wen)定(ding)時應在墻邊打一趟立柱架空(kong)(kong)，管道架空(kong)(kong)高(gao)度(du)應高(gao)于(yu)不穩(wen)定(ding)的墻頭(tou) 200mm。
沿(yan)建筑物(wu)外墻的燃氣管道距(ju)住人房間門、窗洞(dong)口的凈距(ju)不(bu)應小于 0.3m。當燃氣管道與其他管線（電力(li)線等）交叉或部分(fen)平行敷設時，應滿足表 1 要求。
在現(xian)場(chang)實際施工(gong)中(zhong)，有時無法滿足此間距要求(qiu)，可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用對(dui)架空燃氣(qi)管線(xian)增(zeng)加 PVC 套管的方式敷設以(yi)減(jian)小凈距。
PE 管(guan)(guan)道敷設，聚乙(yi)烯燃(ran)氣管(guan)(guan)道埋(mai)地敷設時(shi)，管(guan)(guan)道允許彎(wan)曲半徑應符(fu)合表 2 規定。
管(guan)(guan)(guan)道支(zhi)架(jia)，可按管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)制作架(jia)空管(guan)(guan)(guan)道三(san)腳架(jia)，DN40 口徑(jing)及以(yi)下(xia)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 4# 角鋼制作，DN40 口徑(jing)以(yi)上(shang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 5# 角鋼制作，支(zhi)架(jia)間距取相應管(guan)(guan)(guan)徑(jing)最大架(jia)空間距。目前仍有項目采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) T 型(xing)固定架(jia)，T 型(xing)架(jia)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)道固定點處力矩較大且(qie)缺少斜撐，長時間使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)極(ji)易導致(zhi)金屬疲勞影響支(zhi)架(jia)穩定。落(luo)地(di)支(zhi)柱(zhu)做(zuo)法(fa)，落(luo)地(di)支(zhi)柱(zhu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)，經現場實際(ji)測(ce)試，高度2m 以(yi)下(xia)支(zhi)柱(zhu)可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) DN65 焊接鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)，高度 2~4.5m 支(zhi)柱(zhu)可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) DN80 焊接鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)。
柱(zhu)(zhu)基礎采用(yong)(yong) 450×450×500，C20 混凝土(tu)澆(jiao)筑，預(yu)埋(mai)件為 200×200×8 鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)，下(xia)焊(han) M16 螺紋(wen)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋腿×4，立柱(zhu)(zhu)與預(yu)埋(mai)件鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)滿焊(han)，并焊(han)接至(zhi)少 3 塊固定肋板(ban)(ban)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)護，燃(ran)氣(qi)埋(mai)地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)出地面(mian)、入戶穿(chuan)墻(qiang)均需加鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制防(fang)護套(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)。套(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)口徑按比被保護管(guan)(guan)大 2 號選擇，套(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)內應采用(yong)(yong)瀝青油(you)麻(ma)填(tian)充，并用(yong)(yong)防(fang)水膠封(feng)堵兩端。有(you)(you)施工隊伍(wu)采用(yong)(yong) PVC 穿(chuan)墻(qiang)套(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)，PVC 套(tao)(tao)(tao)管(guan)(guan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)剛度，對管(guan)(guan)路的保護作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)意義不大，不建(jian)議使用(yong)(yong)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)防(fang)腐(fu)，室內燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)刷(shua) 2 遍銀粉，室外無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)刷(shua)2 道(dao)(dao)(dao)黃色(se)(se)面(mian)漆(qi)(qi)，防(fang)腐(fu)效(xiao)果更好可按 1 道(dao)(dao)(dao)環(huan)氧富鋅底漆(qi)(qi)， 2 道(dao)(dao)(dao)黃色(se)(se)聚氨酯面(mian)漆(qi)(qi)來刷(shua)。室外鍍鋅鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)可按每隔 3m 刷(shua)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)色(se)(se)環(huan)（絲接口處必須(xu)刷(shua)色(se)(se)環(huan)）。
埋地鋼管(guan)(guan)做 PE 膠粘(zhan)帶(dai)纏繞粘(zhan)結(jie)防腐，出(chu)地面處(chu)膠粘(zhan)帶(dai)應(ying)纏繞至(zhi)管(guan)(guan)道探出(chu)地面 0.4m 處(chu)。室內管(guan)(guan)路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，應(ying)遵循(xun)以(yi)下規定：燃氣(qi)(qi)壁掛(gua)爐（熱水(shui)器）與(yu)燃氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)道等設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)最小水(shui)平(ping)凈距不(bu)(bu)得小于(yu) 30cm；軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)與(yu)家用燃具連接時，其長度不(bu)(bu)應(ying)超過 2m，并不(bu)(bu)得有接口(kou)，軟(ruan)管(guan)(guan)應(ying)低于(yu)灶具面板 30mm 以(yi)上。關于(yu)設(she)計變(bian)(bian)更(geng)，村村通燃氣(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)相較(jiao)于(yu)一般的(de)住宅樓(lou)、商業燃氣(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)環境復雜(za)(za)得多，面臨著大(da)量的(de)協調工(gong)(gong)作、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)條件(jian)復雜(za)(za)多變(bian)(bian)、民俗(su)需求(qiu)各(ge)式各(ge)樣（如燃氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)線不(bu)(bu)能(neng)擋門楣、明明是廢棄房(fang)屋(wu)也(ye)要裝燃氣(qi)(qi)），這樣很難(nan)保證施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)變(bian)(bian)動控制在 10%的(de)設(she)計變(bian)(bian)更(geng)要求(qiu)范圍內，針對此復雜(za)(za)情況，一般應(ying)要求(qiu)以(yi)設(she)計圖紙為指導，保證管(guan)(guan)徑、管(guan)(guan)道走向、供(gong)氣(qi)(qi)分區(qu)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)的(de)情況下，給予(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍充(chong)分在現場調整(zheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)細(xi)節的(de)權利(li)。待施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)結(jie)束后，由設(she)計部門和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)隊共同出(chu)具竣工(gong)(gong)圖紙。
3 燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)2.4 管(guan)(guan)(guan)道吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)，根據實際施工經驗(yan)(yan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)可(ke)(ke)按(an)0.24MPa，流(liu)速 20m/s，按(an) 300~400m 為(wei)一個吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)段，每段應分別進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing) 4 次(ci)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)，每次(ci)吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)時(shi)間持(chi)續 5min。在管(guan)(guan)(guan)道末(mo)端加(jia)設一定承(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)能力(li)的石棉墊，在放(fang)散閥(fa)(fa)處進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，逐(zhu)步升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)大于(yu)石棉墊承(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)能力(li)時(shi)，石棉墊爆(bao)破，從而達(da)到吹(chui)(chui)(chui)掃(sao)(sao)目(mu)的。直至(zhi)排氣(qi)口（白布靶盤）無(wu)(wu)雜(za)質(zhi)、無(wu)(wu)水分即為(wei)合(he)格。 室(shi)外燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)強度試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)和嚴(yan)密(mi)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。室(shi)內表前閥(fa)(fa)后只進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)嚴(yan)密(mi)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，介(jie)質(zhi)采(cai)用空氣(qi)。嚴(yan)密(mi)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)為(wei) 5kPa（引入管(guan)(guan)(guan)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)<表前閥(fa)(fa)>至(zhi)灶(zao)前閥(fa)(fa)）。在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下，穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)少于(yu) 15min，并用發泡劑檢(jian)查全部(bu)連接(jie)點、無(wu)(wu)滲漏、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)計無(wu)(wu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)降為(wei)合(he)格。燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)表后至(zhi)灶(zao)具連接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)閥(fa)(fa)門(men)前可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用用∪形壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)計打壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，方便打壓(ya)(ya)(ya)及觀測。
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